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Reduction, Refinement and Replacement:
In Russell and Burch’s 1959 landmark textbook, ‘The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique’ the authors combined the concepts of excellence in research with modern animal welfare concerns and together advanced the principles of Reduction, Refinement, and Replacement for research using live animals. In the ensuing decades, Russell and Burch's ‘Three R’s’ have become the philosophical foundation of all modern animal welfare legislation and guidelines for the use of animals in laboratory research.
Data Sciences International (DSI), the innovator and manufacturer of fully implantable wireless telemetry, provides a unique and proprietary technology for around the clock monitoring of conscious, freely moving laboratory animals. The use of telemetry to collect chronic stress-free physiologic data from conscious untethered and unrestrained animals is uniformly aligned it with the principles of the "Three R’s". Telemetry has been shown to dramatically reduce the number of animals needed for individual research studies; it allows for the replacement of research animals with those of lower species and through advanced technology, telemetry provides for refinement of research protocols to increase statistical power.
Better Data = Better Science.
Cardiovascular
Telemetry and Laboratory
Animal Welfare: New
Reduction and
Refinement Alternatives
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